Broadly, the computer can be defined as an electronic device that consists of several components, which can work together between the components with one another to produce a program based on the information and data. The computer components are included: Screen Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse and Printer. Without a computer printer can still do its job as a data processor, but the extent has not been seen on screen in print form.
In such a definition there are tools such as slide rules, mechanical calculators types ranging from abacus and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. The term better suited for a broad sense such as "computer" is "that process information" or "information processing systems."
Nowadays, computers are becoming more sophisticated. But, before the computer is not small, sophisticated, cool and light now. In the history of computers, there are five generations in the history of computers.
1. First Generation (1944-1959)
Vacuum tubes as a signal amplifier, is a hallmark of the first generation. At first, the vacuum tube (vacuum-tube) is used as a component of a signal amplifier. The raw material consists of glass, so many have drawbacks, such as: easy to break, and easy to distribute the heat. This heat needs to be neutralized by the other component that serves as a coolant.
And the presence of additional components, existing computer eventually becomes large, heavy and expensive. In 1946, the electronic computer in the world that the ENIAC was finished first. On the computer contained 18,800 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons. so great in size, to the point that requires a separate classroom.
In the images appear ENIAC computer, which is the world's first electronic computer which has a weight weighing 30 tons, a length of 30 M and 2.4 M high and requires 174 kilowatts of electrical power.
2. Second Generation (1960-1964)
Transistors are characteristic of second generation computers. The raw material consists of three layers, namely: "basic", "collector" and "emmiter". Transistor is an acronym for Transfer Resistor, which means to influence the survival of two of the three layers, the power (resistor) which is in the next layer can also be affected. Thus, the function of the transistor is as a signal amplifier. As a solid component, tansistor has many advantages such as: not easily broken, do not conduct heat. And thus, existing computers become smaller and cheaper.
In 1960, IBM introduced the first commercial computer that utilizes a transistor and is used widely began circulating in the market. IBM-7090 computer made in the United States is one of the commercial computer utilizing transistors. The computer is designed to solve all sorts of jobs both scientific and commercial. Because of its speed and ability, led to the IBM 7090 became very popular. Other second-generation computers are: IBM Serie 1400, Serie NCR 304, MARK IV and Honeywell Model 800.
3. Third Generation (1964-1975)
The concept of the smaller and more affordable than transistors, eventually spurring people to continue doing various studies. Thousands of transistors finally managed combined in a very small form. Yag silicium piece has the size of several millimeters successfully created, and this is referred to as integrated circuit or IC-Chip which is the hallmark of the third generation computers. The magnetic ring may be the magnetization in one direction or the opposite, and finally download sinyalkan condition "ON" or "OFF" which is then translated into the concept of 0 and 1 in the binary number system which is needed by the computer. In every field there are 924 ring of magnetic memory, each of which represents one bit of information. Millions of bits of information currently residing in one single chip with very small form.
The computer used for automation was first introduced in 1968 by PDC 808, which has a 4 KB (kilo-byte) memory and 8 bits for memory cores.
4. The Fourth Generation (1975-Present)
Microprocessor is a typical Chiri fourth generation computer which is compacting thousands IC into a Chip. Because the forms are getting smaller and increasing the capability and the price offered is also getting cheaper. Microprocessor is the beginning of the birth of the personal computer.
In 1971, Intel Corp later developed the first microprocessor serie 4004. An example of this is the generation of the Apple I Computer, developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs by inserting the microprocessor on the circuit board of the computer. In addition, later appearing with the TRS 80 Model type Motorola 68000 processor and Zilog Z-80 uses 64KB of RAM standard. Apple II computers that use e-6502R processor type and by 64 Kb Ram, also a very popular PC at that time. Operating systems used are: CP / M 8 Bit. This computer is very popular in the early 80s.
IBM Personal Computer began issuing in about the year 1981, using the MS-DOS Operating System 16 Bit. Due to the price offered is not much different from the other computer, in addition to the technology is much better and bigger than IBM's own name, then in a very short time, the computer is becoming very popular.
5. Fifth Generation (Now - Future)
In this generation is characterized by the emergence of: LSI (Large Scale Integration) which is the solidification of thousands microprocessor into a microprocesor. In addition, it is also marked by the emergence of the microprocessor and semi-conductors. Companies that create micro-processors include: Intel Corporation, Motorola, Zilog, and others. In the market we can see the existence of a microprocessor from Intel with models 4004, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, and Pentium. Pentium-4 is the latest production from Intel Corporation that is expected to cover all the weaknesses that exist in previous products, in addition, the ability and speed of the Pentium-4 also increased to 2 GHz. The pictures were shown to be much smoother and sharper, in addition to the speed of processing, sending or receiving picture also becomes faster.
Pentium-4 manufactured using 0:18 micron technology. With the smaller form resulting power, current and voltage heat emitted is also getting smaller. With a faster processor cooler, can produce higher MHz speed. Owned speed is 20 times faster than a Pentium 3 generations.
Packard Bell IXTREME 4140i is one that has a PC computer using a Pentium-4 processor with a speed of 1.4 GHz, 128 MB RDRAM memory, a 40 GB hard drive (1.5 GB is used for recovery), as well as the GeForce2 MX video card with 32 MB of memory. The HP Pavilion 9850 is also a PC using a Pentium-4 processor with 1.4 GHz speed. PC Pentium-4 Hewllett-Packard is dating with predominantly black and gray. Compared to other PC, the Pavilion is a PC Pentium-4 with complete facilities. Owned by RDRAM memory 128 MB, 30 GB hard drive with at 17 inch monitors.
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